In the combustion process of diesel motors, NOx (nitrogen oxides) are released, which when in contact with cold and humidity become nitric acid, one of the components of acid rain.
The commercial vehicle manufacturers, following the Kyoto principles, work to reduce the NOx by using the SCR system (Selective Catalyst Reactive). They achieve it by implementing a catalyst converter and the compulsory AdBlue deposit (a water solution, described on the EN 70070, comprising of 32.5% Urea, with the rest being demineralised water).
With the SCR system the AdBlue is injected atomising the escape collector of the motor, releasing in the catalyst converter, with heat and ammonia. This will convert the NOx to steamed water and nitrogen, both innocuous for the environment. This system has been used in factories since the 90s.
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